Showing posts with label gabapentin. Show all posts
Showing posts with label gabapentin. Show all posts

Friday, May 9, 2008

A painful reminder: drugs aren't always the answer

I have two reasons for writing this post this morning.

First of all, I spend a couple of hours a day reading new research on psychiatric medications, and it seems that there is a real trend toward throwing all kinds of medications at people with neuropathic pain. If you're the head of marketing at a major pharmaceutical organization, and you're looking at the health statistics in this country, and you see how many people are overweight and headed toward a diagnosis of diabetes...well...anyone looking at you sitting at your desk looking at those numbers is going to see a gazillion dollar signs in that cartoon bubble floating over your head.

To put it another way, anyone who can come up with a sure-fire way to treat neuropathic pain is sitting on a pile of money.

My second reason for posting this is a lot more personal. I have a private client, not overweight at all, whose bulimia has progressed to the point where she has developed diabetes. She got herself into big trouble with her medications because the one she wanted to use, insulin, was the only one she felt controlled her neuropathic pain. Her physician didn't see eye to eye with her...so she decided to use both his meds and hers. We almost lost her over the conflict.

I know why the physician is holding his ground, and I support his choice. But I also have compassion for the physical pain this person must be enduring, which must be a constant reminder, thanks to the ruthless negative voices in her head, that she's really screwed up this time.

So...I've been researching some other options that would allow her to manage her pain, allow her to focus on recovering from the eating disorder, and make the doctor happy.

Enter alpha-lipoic acid. This is an anti-oxidant that isn't all that easy to find in foods, but is right there in the health food store. Not only does it help to regulate diabetes, it's turning out to be very effective in addressing neuropathic pain.

A European study looked at a group of 443 patients who had successfully managed their neuropathic pain with alpha-lipoic acid for at least 5 years. About 300 of them were switched to gabapentin (Neurontin), and 150 of them with no acute symptoms went without any treatment at all during this period of time.

Seventy-three percent of the untreated group started experiencing pain as early as two weeks after discontinuing alpha-lipoic acid. In the gabapentin group, 45% had to stop taking the drug because they could not tolerate its side effects. Fifty-five percent of those using the drug, even though they had done well with alpha-lipoic acid, did not respond to gabapentin. They ended up requiring another medication...which in this study ended up being pregabalin, carbamazepine, amitriptyline, tramadol, and/or morphine .

The researchers commented on the cost of using alpha-lipoic acid as compared to a prescription medication. Not only was there the direct medication cost, but those on medication had almost twice as many office visits during the three months of the study as those who were on the supplement. Not mentioned but important to consider, was the likely additional costs of treating the medication side effects.

The moral of the study? Drug companies, the better mousetrap has already been built. Let's do the right thing and, rather than looking at those dollar signs, get it into the nerves of people like my client who deserve to not have to live like this anymore.

Ruessmann HJ; on behalf of the German Society of out patient diabetes centres AND (Arbeitsgemeinschaft niedergelassener diabetologisch tätiger Ärzte e.V.). Switching from pathogenetic treatment with alpha-lipoic acid to gabapentin and other analgesics in painful diabetic neuropathy: a real-world study in outpatients. J Diabetes Complications. 2008 Apr 8

Thursday, January 31, 2008

Epileptic medications and suicidal risk

This just in from the FDA....

...in placebo-controlled trials of 11 different medications used to treat epilepsy (and other disorders as detailed in previous posts), individuals using these medications experienced twice the risk of suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors. It didn't take long for some, only a week, to experience this very significant side effect. The risk WAS higher for those given these medications for epilepsy than those given the medications for other reasons.

This is the FDA's list of medications evaluated in this study:

Carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Equetro, Tegretol, Tegretol XR)
Felbamate (Felbatol)
Gabapentin (Neurontin)
Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
Levetiracetam (Keppra)
Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)
Pregabalin (Lyrica)
Tiagabine (Gabitril)
Topiramate (Topamax)
Valproate (Depakote, Depakote ER, Depakene, Depacon)
Zonisamide ()

Here is the FDA reference for more information:

http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/2008/safety08.htm#Antiepileptic


MY SOURCE: http://www.docguide.com/news/content.nsf/news/852571020057CCF6852573E1007057A9

Just a note from a nutritionist...fish oil can help reduce seizure activity. I AM NOT, I repeat AM NOT, advising anyone reading this post to discontinue their medications and replace them with a nutritional supplement. However, I AM encouraging you to discuss the possibility of a blend of nutrition therapy AND medication for a potentially gentler approach to safely managing a very serious medical issue.

Monday, January 14, 2008

Is Fibromyalgia A Real Disease? Does It Need Its Own Medication?

If you are interested in this debate, you may be interested in this New York Times article that was published today:

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/14/health/14pain.html?th&emc=th

Lyrica (pregabalin), the medication that is mentioned in this article, is a medication I've been researching for my psychotropic medication publication. This drug was first approved for use in the US in 2005, for the treatment of epilepsy, diabetic neuropathy pain and post-herpetic neuralgia. In 2007 it was also approved for treating fibromyalgia.

In addition, in my own research, I found publications describing 10 off-label (non-FDA approved)uses for this medication. One of these off-label uses, anxiety disorder, is actually an approved use in the European Union but not the United States. The references for these off-label uses, excerpted from my CD, are posted below.

Pregabalin is supposedly a more potent form of another popular medication, gabapentin (Neurontin). The use of this medication has been questioned, as at one point, it was estimated that 90% of its prescriptions were written for off-label uses. From what I could see when I was researching pregabalin, the trend with the newer version is not dissimilar.

From a biochemical standpoint, many of the off-label uses do make sense, as many of these issues have very similar biochemical origins. Off-label uses are not always inappropriate. However, it is important to make sure you know exactly WHY you are being prescribed a medication. You are entitled to ask your physician whether or not the medication you are being prescribed is FDA approved for your diagnosis, or if the use she is asking you to try is off-label. It's your body, and you have a right to make the most informed decision possible.

REFERENCES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregabalin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabapentin

Jatzko A, Stegmeier Petroianu A, Petroianu GA. Alpha-2-delta ligands for singultus (hiccup) treatment: three case reports. J Pain Symptom Manage 2007 Jun;33(6):756-60.
Yokoyama T, Maeda Y, Audette KM, Sluka KA.Pregabalin reduces muscle and cutaneous hyperalgesia in two models of chronic muscle pain in rats. J Pain 007 May;8(5):422-9.

Zesiewicz TA, Ward CL, Hauser RA, Pease Campbell JA, Sullivan KL. Pregabalin (Lyrica) in the treatment of essential tremor. Mov Disord 2007 Jan;22(1):139-41.
Zesiewicz TA, Ward CL, Hauser RA, Salemi JL, Siraj S, Wilson MC, Sullivan KL. A pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pregabalin (Lyrica) in the treatment of essential tremor. Mov Disord 2007 Jun 19.

Maizels M, McCarberg B. Antidepressants and antiepileptic drugs for chronic non-cancer pain. Am Fam Physician 2005 Feb 1;71(3):483-90.

Crofford LJ, Rowbotham MC, Mease PJ, Russell IJ, Dworkin RH, Corbin AE, Young JP, LaMoreaux LK, Martin SA, Sharma U,Pregabalin 1008-105 Study Group. Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2005 Apr;52(4):1264-73.
Rooks DS. Fibromyalgia treatment update. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2007 Mar;19(2):111-7.

Owen RT. Pregabalin: Its efficacy, safety and tolerability profile in fibromyalgia syndrome. Drugs Today (Barc). 2007 Dec;43(12):857-63.

Pande AC, Crockatt JG, Feltner DE, Janney CA, Smith WT, Weisler R, Londborg PD, Bielski RJ, Zimbroff DL, Davidson JR, Liu Dumaw M. Pregabalin in generalized anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 2003 Mar;160(3):533-40.

Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Pipe B, Bennett M. Antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of anxiety disorders: role in therapy. Drugs 2004;64(19):2199-220.

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Pohl RB, Feltner DE, Fieve RR, Pande AC. Efficacy of pregabalin in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of BID versus TID dosing. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2005 Apr;25(2):151-8.

Rickels K, Pollack MH, Feltner DE, Lydiard RB, Zimbroff DL, Bielski RJ, Tobias K, Brock JD, Zornberg GL, Pande AC. Pregabalin for treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a 4-week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pregabalin and alprazolam. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005 Sep;62(9):1022-30.

Keck PE, Strawn JR, McElroy SL. Pharmacologic treatment considerations in co-occurring bipolar and anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 2006;67 Suppl 1:8-15.

Montgomery SA, Tobias K, Zornberg GL, Kasper S, Pande AC. Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a 6-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of pregabalin and venlafaxine. J Clin Psychiatry 2006 May;67(5):771-82.

Frampton JE, Foster RH. Pregabalin: in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder. CNS Drugs 2006;20(8):685-93.

Montgomery SA. Pregabalin for the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2006 Oct;7(15):2139-54.

Bendelow B, Wedekind D, Leon T. Pregabalin for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a novel pharmacologic intervention. Expert Rev Neurother 2007 Jul;7(7):769-81.

Owen RT. Pregabalin: its efficacy, safety and tolerability profile in generalized anxiety. Drugs Today (Barc). 2007 Sep;43(9):601-10.

Kitchener JM. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia responding to pregabalin. Headache 2006 Sep;46(8):1307-8.

Hurley RW, Chatterjea D, Rose Feng M, Taylor CP, Hammond DL. Gabapentin and pregabalin can interact synergistically with naproxen to produce antihyperalgesia. Anesthesiology 2002 Nov;97(5):1263-73.

Field MJ, Holloman EF, McCleary S, Hughes J, Singh L. Evaluation of gabapentin and S-(+)-3-isobutylgaba in a rat model of postoperative pain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997 Sep;282(3):1242-6.

Jones DL, Sorkin LS. Systemic gabapentin and S(+)-3-isobutyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid block secondary hyperalgesia. Brain Res 1998 Nov 9;810(1-2):93-9.

Hill CM, Balkenohl M, Thomas DW, Walker R, Mathe H, Murray G. Pregabalin in patients with postoperative dental pain. Eur J Pain 2001;5(2):119-24.

Sommer M, Bachmann CG, Liebetanz KM, Schindehutte J, Tings T, Paulus W. Pregabalin in restless legs syndrome with and without neuropathic pain. Acta Neurol Scand 2007 May;115(5):347-50.

Jefferson JW. Benzodiazepines and anticonvulsants for social phobia (social anxiety disorder). J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62 Suppl 1:50-3.

Pande AC, Feltner DE, Jefferson JW, Davidson JR, Pollack M, Stein MB, Lydiard RB, Futterer R, Robinson P, Slomkowski M, DuBoff E, Phelps M, Janney CA, Werth JL. Efficacy of the novel anxiolytic pregabalin in social anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled, multicenter study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2004 Apr;23(2):141-9.

Muller JE, Koen L, Seedat S, Stein DJ. Social anxiety disorder : current treatment recommendations. CNS Drugs 2005;19(5):377-91.

Cottraux J. Recent developments in research and treatment for social phobia (social anxiety disorder). Curr Opin Psychiatry 2005 Jan;18(1):51-4.

Davidson JR. Pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder: what does the evidence tell us? J Clin Psychiatry 2006;67 Suppl 12:20-6.

Davidson JR. Pharmacotherapy of social phobia. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 2003;(417):65-71.